{ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# Getting Started with Acoular – Part 1\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "raw", "metadata": { "vscode": { "languageId": "raw" } }, "source": [ "---\n", "title: \"Getting started with Acoular - Part 1\"\n", "subtitle: \"How to use Acoular - simple example with 64 microphone array and three sources, beamforming in frequency domain, first steps\"\n", "author: \"Ennes Sarradj\"\n", "date: \"2021-04-01\"\n", "categories:\n", " - getting started\n", " - frequency domain\n", "image: thumb_getstart.png\n", "---" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Introduction\n", "\n", "This is the first in a series of three blog posts about the basic use of Acoular. It explains some fundamental concepts and walks through a simple example.\n", "\n", "Acoular is a Python library that processes multichannel data (up to a few hundred channels) from acoustic measurements with a microphone array. The focus of the processing is on the construction of a map of acoustic sources. This is somewhat similar to taking an acoustic photograph of some sound sources.\n", "\n", "\n", "To use Acoular, we first have to import Acoular into our notebook." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 1, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "import acoular" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Microphone data\n", "\n", "In this example, we want to analyze time histories from 64 microphones stored in the file \"three_sources.h5\". The file contains data from a measurement (actually a simulated measurement in this special case) of scene with three different sound sources. [Here](https://www.acoular.org/auto_examples/introductory_examples/example_three_sources.html) you can see how to generate \"three_sources.h5\" file.\n", "\n", "This file is in HDF5 format, which is an open all purpose numerical data container file format. Besides the time histories it contains information about the sampling rate. To learn about the internal structure of the file, have a look at the file! You will need an HDF5 file viewer (e.g. https://www.hdfgroup.org/downloads/hdfview/). For now, we can skip this step and simply load the file into our notebook. The file can be found in the same directory as the notebook itself." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 2, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "ts = acoular.TimeSamples( file=\"three_sources.h5\" )" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "The file is not directly opened using Python commands, but instead we use the [`TimeSamples`](http://acoular.org/api_ref/generated/generated/acoular.sources.TimeSamples.html) class from Acoular. This class manages the data in the file in an intelligent way which even allows to use huge data files that do not fit into the memory.\n", "\n", "If we inspect the `ts` object, we see not the data itself, but just the type and the location in memory." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 3, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "" ] }, "execution_count": 3, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "ts" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "We can use this object now to answer some questions about the data:\n", "* How many channels,\n", "* and how many samples do we have? \n", "* What is the sampling frequency? " ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 4, "metadata": { "scrolled": true }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "64 51200 51200.0\n" ] } ], "source": [ "print( ts.num_channels, ts.num_samples, ts.sample_freq )" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Frequency domain\n", "\n", "The signal processing can either take place in the time domain or in the frequency domain.\n", "To work in the frequency domain, the time history data must be transformed into power spectra. More specifically, we need the __cross spectral matrix (CSM)__ which contains the pairwise cross spectra of all possible combinations of two channels. The cross spectral matrix is computed using Welch's method. For this, an FFT block size and a window type have to be chosen." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 5, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "array([ 0., 400., 800., 1200., 1600., 2000., 2400., 2800.,\n", " 3200., 3600., 4000., 4400., 4800., 5200., 5600., 6000.,\n", " 6400., 6800., 7200., 7600., 8000., 8400., 8800., 9200.,\n", " 9600., 10000., 10400., 10800., 11200., 11600., 12000., 12400.,\n", " 12800., 13200., 13600., 14000., 14400., 14800., 15200., 15600.,\n", " 16000., 16400., 16800., 17200., 17600., 18000., 18400., 18800.,\n", " 19200., 19600., 20000., 20400., 20800., 21200., 21600., 22000.,\n", " 22400., 22800., 23200., 23600., 24000., 24400., 24800., 25200.,\n", " 25600.])" ] }, "execution_count": 5, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "ps = acoular.PowerSpectra( source=ts, block_size=128, window=\"Hanning\" )\n", "ps.fftfreq()" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "We see that after the FFT we do have spectra with 400 Hz frequency spacing. For most applications this would be too coarse. We use it here to get faster processing. If we wish to have finer spacing, we need larger block sizes.\n", "\n", "Up to now we have _defined_ how the processing should be done, but we did _not_ compute the actual CSM. Nearly all expensive computations in Acoular are only done _on demand_ using a _lazy evaluation_ paradigm. We can trigger the computation of the cross spectral matrix by just asking for it. In this example we do want to print this already large matrix. Instead we only print its shape." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 6, "metadata": { "scrolled": false }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "[('three_sources_cache.h5', 1)]\n" ] }, { "data": { "text/plain": [ "(np.int64(65), np.int64(64), np.int64(64))" ] }, "execution_count": 6, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "ps.csm.shape" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "This matrix actually has the dimensions 65 (number of frequencies) times 64 by 64 (number of microphone channels).\n", "\n", "## Microphone positions\n", "\n", "To continue with our task to generate an acoustic photograph, we need the microphone positions. In Acoular, one option is to read them from an XML file. The file looks like this:\n", "\n", "```xml\n", "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n", "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n", "\t\n", "\t\n", "...\n", "\t\n", "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n", "```\n", "(most of the lines are omitted here)\n", "\n", "A `MicGeom` object handles the file:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 7, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "array([[ 0.152 , 0.134 , 0.1043, 0.0596, 0.0798, 0.0659, 0.0262,\n", " 0.0272, 0. , 0.004 , 0.0162, 0.0162, 0.004 , -0.0112,\n", " -0.018 , -0.0112, -0.145 , -0.1294, -0.1242, -0.1209, -0.0828,\n", " -0.0631, -0.0595, -0.034 , 0.0056, 0.0037, -0.016 , -0.0492,\n", " -0.0024, 0.0022, -0.0267, -0.0054, -0.0874, -0.0764, -0.049 ,\n", " -0.0058, -0.0429, -0.0378, 0.0003, -0.0121, -0.1864, -0.1651,\n", " -0.1389, -0.1016, -0.1008, -0.0809, -0.0475, -0.0369, 0.1839,\n", " 0.1634, 0.146 , 0.1235, 0.1019, 0.0799, 0.0594, 0.0393,\n", " 0.0774, 0.0697, 0.0778, 0.0944, 0.0473, 0.0338, 0.0478,\n", " 0.0218],\n", " [ 0.1141, 0.1021, 0.1036, 0.1104, 0.0667, 0.0497, 0.0551,\n", " 0.0286, 0. , -0.0175, -0.0078, 0.0078, 0.0175, 0.0141,\n", " 0. , -0.0141, 0.1228, 0.1079, 0.0786, 0.0335, 0.0629,\n", " 0.0531, 0.0133, 0.0202, 0.1899, 0.1685, 0.1461, 0.1155,\n", " 0.104 , 0.0825, 0.0548, 0.0391, -0.1687, -0.1502, -0.1386,\n", " -0.1254, -0.0947, -0.0733, -0.061 , -0.0376, -0.0368, -0.0339,\n", " -0.0481, -0.0736, -0.0255, -0.0162, -0.0382, -0.014 , -0.0477,\n", " -0.0411, -0.0169, 0.0223, -0.0208, -0.0205, 0.0138, -0.0034,\n", " -0.1735, -0.1534, -0.1247, -0.0827, -0.0926, -0.0753, -0.0378,\n", " -0.0329],\n", " [ 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,\n", " 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,\n", " 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,\n", " 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,\n", " 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,\n", " 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,\n", " 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,\n", " 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,\n", " 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,\n", " 0. ]])" ] }, "execution_count": 7, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "mg = acoular.MicGeom( file=\"array_64.xml\" )\n", "mg.pos" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "The `mg` object now contains all information about the microphone positions. Now let us this to plot the microphone geometry. For plotting we use the matplotlib package." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 8, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "application/javascript": "/* Put everything inside the global mpl namespace */\n/* global mpl */\nwindow.mpl = {};\n\nmpl.get_websocket_type = function () {\n if (typeof WebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n return WebSocket;\n } else if (typeof MozWebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n return MozWebSocket;\n } else {\n alert(\n 'Your browser does not have WebSocket support. ' +\n 'Please try Chrome, Safari or Firefox ≥ 6. 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Matplotlib will then trigger a resize in the client,\n // which will in turn request a refresh of the image.\n this.send_message('resize', { width: x_pixels, height: y_pixels });\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.send_message = function (type, properties) {\n properties['type'] = type;\n properties['figure_id'] = this.id;\n this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(properties));\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.send_draw_message = function () {\n if (!this.waiting) {\n this.waiting = true;\n this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({ type: 'draw', figure_id: this.id }));\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n var format_dropdown = fig.format_dropdown;\n var format = format_dropdown.options[format_dropdown.selectedIndex].value;\n fig.ondownload(fig, format);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_resize = function (fig, msg) {\n var size = msg['size'];\n if (size[0] !== fig.canvas.width || size[1] !== fig.canvas.height) {\n fig._resize_canvas(size[0], size[1], msg['forward']);\n fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_rubberband = function (fig, msg) {\n var x0 = msg['x0'] / mpl.ratio;\n var y0 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y0']) / mpl.ratio;\n var x1 = msg['x1'] / mpl.ratio;\n var y1 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y1']) / mpl.ratio;\n x0 = Math.floor(x0) + 0.5;\n y0 = Math.floor(y0) + 0.5;\n x1 = Math.floor(x1) + 0.5;\n y1 = Math.floor(y1) + 0.5;\n var min_x = Math.min(x0, x1);\n var min_y = Math.min(y0, y1);\n var width = Math.abs(x1 - x0);\n var height = Math.abs(y1 - y0);\n\n fig.rubberband_context.clearRect(\n 0,\n 0,\n fig.canvas.width / mpl.ratio,\n fig.canvas.height / mpl.ratio\n );\n\n fig.rubberband_context.strokeRect(min_x, min_y, width, height);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_figure_label = function (fig, msg) {\n // Updates the figure title.\n fig.header.textContent = msg['label'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_cursor = function (fig, msg) {\n var cursor = msg['cursor'];\n switch (cursor) {\n case 0:\n cursor = 'pointer';\n break;\n case 1:\n cursor = 'default';\n break;\n case 2:\n cursor = 'crosshair';\n break;\n case 3:\n cursor = 'move';\n break;\n }\n fig.rubberband_canvas.style.cursor = cursor;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_message = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.message.textContent = msg['message'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_draw = function (fig, _msg) {\n // Request the server to send over a new figure.\n fig.send_draw_message();\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_image_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.image_mode = msg['mode'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_history_buttons = function (fig, msg) {\n for (var key in msg) {\n if (!(key in fig.buttons)) {\n continue;\n }\n fig.buttons[key].disabled = !msg[key];\n fig.buttons[key].setAttribute('aria-disabled', !msg[key]);\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_navigate_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n if (msg['mode'] === 'PAN') {\n fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.add('active');\n fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n } else if (msg['mode'] === 'ZOOM') {\n fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.add('active');\n } else {\n fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n // Called whenever the canvas gets updated.\n this.send_message('ack', {});\n};\n\n// A function to construct a web socket function for onmessage handling.\n// Called in the figure constructor.\nmpl.figure.prototype._make_on_message_function = function (fig) {\n return function socket_on_message(evt) {\n if (evt.data instanceof Blob) {\n /* FIXME: We get \"Resource interpreted as Image but\n * transferred with MIME type text/plain:\" errors on\n * Chrome. But how to set the MIME type? It doesn't seem\n * to be part of the websocket stream */\n evt.data.type = 'image/png';\n\n /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n fig.imageObj.src\n );\n }\n\n fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n evt.data\n );\n fig.updated_canvas_event();\n fig.waiting = false;\n return;\n } else if (\n typeof evt.data === 'string' &&\n evt.data.slice(0, 21) === 'data:image/png;base64'\n ) {\n fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n fig.updated_canvas_event();\n fig.waiting = false;\n return;\n }\n\n var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n var msg_type = msg['type'];\n\n // Call the \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n try {\n var callback = fig['handle_' + msg_type];\n } catch (e) {\n console.log(\n \"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \",\n msg\n );\n return;\n }\n\n if (callback) {\n try {\n // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n callback(fig, msg);\n } catch (e) {\n console.log(\n \"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\",\n e,\n e.stack,\n msg\n );\n }\n }\n };\n};\n\n// from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1114465/getting-mouse-location-in-canvas\nmpl.findpos = function (e) {\n //this section is from http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_properties.html\n var targ;\n if (!e) {\n e = window.event;\n }\n if (e.target) {\n targ = e.target;\n } else if (e.srcElement) {\n targ = e.srcElement;\n }\n if (targ.nodeType === 3) {\n // defeat Safari bug\n targ = targ.parentNode;\n }\n\n // pageX,Y are the mouse positions relative to the document\n var boundingRect = targ.getBoundingClientRect();\n var x = e.pageX - (boundingRect.left + document.body.scrollLeft);\n var y = e.pageY - (boundingRect.top + document.body.scrollTop);\n\n return { x: x, y: y };\n};\n\n/*\n * return a copy of an object with only non-object keys\n * we need this to avoid circular references\n * http://stackoverflow.com/a/24161582/3208463\n */\nfunction simpleKeys(original) {\n return Object.keys(original).reduce(function (obj, key) {\n if (typeof original[key] !== 'object') {\n obj[key] = original[key];\n }\n return obj;\n }, {});\n}\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function (event, name) {\n var canvas_pos = mpl.findpos(event);\n\n if (name === 'button_press') {\n this.canvas.focus();\n this.canvas_div.focus();\n }\n\n var x = canvas_pos.x * mpl.ratio;\n var y = canvas_pos.y * mpl.ratio;\n\n this.send_message(name, {\n x: x,\n y: y,\n button: event.button,\n step: event.step,\n guiEvent: simpleKeys(event),\n });\n\n /* This prevents the web browser from automatically changing to\n * the text insertion cursor when the button is pressed. We want\n * to control all of the cursor setting manually through the\n * 'cursor' event from matplotlib */\n event.preventDefault();\n return false;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (_event, _name) {\n // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function (event, name) {\n // Prevent repeat events\n if (name === 'key_press') {\n if (event.which === this._key) {\n return;\n } else {\n this._key = event.which;\n }\n }\n if (name === 'key_release') {\n this._key = null;\n }\n\n var value = '';\n if (event.ctrlKey && event.which !== 17) {\n value += 'ctrl+';\n }\n if (event.altKey && event.which !== 18) {\n value += 'alt+';\n }\n if (event.shiftKey && event.which !== 16) {\n value += 'shift+';\n }\n\n value += 'k';\n value += event.which.toString();\n\n this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n\n this.send_message(name, { key: value, guiEvent: simpleKeys(event) });\n return false;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function (name) {\n if (name === 'download') {\n this.handle_save(this, null);\n } else {\n this.send_message('toolbar_button', { name: name });\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function (tooltip) {\n this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n};\nmpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home icon-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left icon-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right icon-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Left button pans, Right button zooms\\nx/y fixes axis, CTRL fixes aspect\", \"fa fa-arrows icon-move\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\\nx/y fixes axis, CTRL fixes aspect\", \"fa fa-square-o icon-check-empty\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o icon-save\", \"download\"]];\n\nmpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\"];\n\nmpl.default_extension = \"png\";/* global mpl */\n\nvar comm_websocket_adapter = function (comm) {\n // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n var ws = {};\n\n ws.close = function () {\n comm.close();\n };\n ws.send = function (m) {\n //console.log('sending', m);\n comm.send(m);\n };\n // Register the callback with on_msg.\n comm.on_msg(function (msg) {\n //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n // Pass the mpl event to the overridden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n ws.onmessage(msg['content']['data']);\n });\n return ws;\n};\n\nmpl.mpl_figure_comm = function (comm, msg) {\n // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n\n var id = msg.content.data.id;\n // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n // socket was opened in Python.\n var element = document.getElementById(id);\n var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm);\n\n function ondownload(figure, _format) {\n window.open(figure.canvas.toDataURL());\n }\n\n var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy, ondownload, element);\n\n // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n ws_proxy.onopen();\n\n fig.parent_element = element;\n fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"
\");\n if (!fig.cell_info) {\n console.error('Failed to find cell for figure', id, fig);\n return;\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function (fig, msg) {\n var width = fig.canvas.width / mpl.ratio;\n fig.root.removeEventListener('remove', this._remove_fig_handler);\n\n // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n fig.push_to_output();\n var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n IPython.keyboard_manager.enable();\n fig.parent_element.innerHTML =\n '';\n fig.close_ws(fig, msg);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.close_ws = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.send_message('closing', msg);\n // fig.ws.close()\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.push_to_output = function (_remove_interactive) {\n // Turn the data on the canvas into data in the output cell.\n var width = this.canvas.width / mpl.ratio;\n var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL();\n this.cell_info[1]['text/html'] =\n '';\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n // Tell IPython that the notebook contents must change.\n IPython.notebook.set_dirty(true);\n this.send_message('ack', {});\n var fig = this;\n // Wait a second, then push the new image to the DOM so\n // that it is saved nicely (might be nice to debounce this).\n setTimeout(function () {\n fig.push_to_output();\n }, 1000);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n var fig = this;\n\n var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n toolbar.classList = 'btn-toolbar';\n this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n\n function on_click_closure(name) {\n return function (_event) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n };\n }\n\n function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n return function (event) {\n if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n }\n };\n }\n\n fig.buttons = {};\n var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n var button;\n for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n\n if (!name) {\n /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n continue;\n }\n\n button = fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button');\n button.classList = 'btn btn-default';\n button.href = '#';\n button.title = name;\n button.innerHTML = '';\n button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n }\n\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n\n // Add the status bar.\n var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message pull-right';\n toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n this.message = status_bar;\n\n // Add the close button to the window.\n var buttongrp = document.createElement('div');\n buttongrp.classList = 'btn-group inline pull-right';\n button = document.createElement('button');\n button.classList = 'btn btn-mini btn-primary';\n button.href = '#';\n button.title = 'Stop Interaction';\n button.innerHTML = '';\n button.addEventListener('click', function (_evt) {\n fig.handle_close(fig, {});\n });\n button.addEventListener(\n 'mouseover',\n on_mouseover_closure('Stop Interaction')\n );\n buttongrp.appendChild(button);\n var titlebar = this.root.querySelector('.ui-dialog-titlebar');\n titlebar.insertBefore(buttongrp, titlebar.firstChild);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._remove_fig_handler = function () {\n this.close_ws(this, {});\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (el) {\n el.style.boxSizing = 'content-box'; // override notebook setting of border-box.\n el.addEventListener('remove', this._remove_fig_handler);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (el) {\n // this is important to make the div 'focusable\n el.setAttribute('tabindex', 0);\n // reach out to IPython and tell the keyboard manager to turn it's self\n // off when our div gets focus\n\n // location in version 3\n if (IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager) {\n IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n } else {\n // location in version 2\n IPython.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (event, _name) {\n var manager = IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager;\n if (!manager) {\n manager = IPython.keyboard_manager;\n }\n\n // Check for shift+enter\n if (event.shiftKey && event.which === 13) {\n this.canvas_div.blur();\n // select the cell after this one\n var index = IPython.notebook.find_cell_index(this.cell_info[0]);\n IPython.notebook.select(index + 1);\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n fig.ondownload(fig, null);\n};\n\nmpl.find_output_cell = function (html_output) {\n // Return the cell and output element which can be found *uniquely* in the notebook.\n // Note - this is a bit hacky, but it is done because the \"notebook_saving.Notebook\"\n // IPython event is triggered only after the cells have been serialised, which for\n // our purposes (turning an active figure into a static one), is too late.\n var cells = IPython.notebook.get_cells();\n var ncells = cells.length;\n for (var i = 0; i < ncells; i++) {\n var cell = cells[i];\n if (cell.cell_type === 'code') {\n for (var j = 0; j < cell.output_area.outputs.length; j++) {\n var data = cell.output_area.outputs[j];\n if (data.data) {\n // IPython >= 3 moved mimebundle to data attribute of output\n data = data.data;\n }\n if (data['text/html'] === html_output) {\n return [cell, data, j];\n }\n }\n }\n }\n};\n\n// Register the function which deals with the matplotlib target/channel.\n// The kernel may be null if the page has been refreshed.\nif (IPython.notebook.kernel !== null) {\n IPython.notebook.kernel.comm_manager.register_target(\n 'matplotlib',\n mpl.mpl_figure_comm\n );\n}\n", "text/plain": [ "" ] }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" }, { "data": { "text/html": [ "" ], "text/plain": [ "" ] }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" } ], "source": [ "# to interact with figures\n", "%matplotlib widget\n", "import matplotlib.pylab as plt\n", "\n", "plt.plot( mg.pos[0], mg.pos[1], 'o' )\n", "plt.axis( 'equal' );" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "This gives a nice impression of the microphone arrangement which consists of 7 intertwined planar logarithmic spirals (hard to see the spirals, I admit).\n", "\n", "## Mapping grid\n", "\n", "To map the sound, we need a mapping grid. Here we construct a simple regular and rectangular grid. Note that we have to decide about the size, spacing and the distance (z coordinate) from the array. Size and spacing define the number of points in the grid. The more points in the grid, the better the resolution of the acoustic photograph, but the longer the processing will take." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 9, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "array([[-0.2 , -0.2 , -0.2 , ..., 0.2 , 0.2 , 0.2 ],\n", " [-0.2 , -0.19, -0.18, ..., 0.18, 0.19, 0.2 ],\n", " [ 0.3 , 0.3 , 0.3 , ..., 0.3 , 0.3 , 0.3 ]], shape=(3, 1681))" ] }, "execution_count": 9, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "rg = acoular.RectGrid( x_min=-0.2, x_max=0.2,\n", " y_min=-0.2, y_max=0.2,\n", " z=0.3, increment=0.01 )\n", "rg.pos" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "The `rg` object now has all information about the grid.\n", "\n", "## Beamforming\n", "\n", "The actual method we will use is __beamforming__. Basically this works by using the combined microphones as a sound receiver with a directivity that is _steered_ to each one of the grid points in turn. One important element in beamforming and similar methods is the __steering vector__ implemented in Acoular in the `SteeringVector` class. This vector \"connects\" grid and microphones and takes into account the environmental conditions. These conditions are defined by the speed of sound and a possible background flow. If not set explicitely, a 'standard' environment is created in Acoular which assumes quiescent conditions (no flow) and a speed of sound of 343 m/s (air at 20°C)." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 10, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "343.0" ] }, "execution_count": 10, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "st = acoular.SteeringVector( grid=rg, mics=mg )\n", "st.env.c" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Indeed the standard speed of sound is used.\n", "\n", "Now, we define the method we want to use and set up a standard (basic) beamformer. For this need two ingredients: the CSM and the steering vector." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 11, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "bb = acoular.BeamformerBase( freq_data=ps, steer=st )" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Remember that Acoular uses lazy evaluation. No computation yet!\n", "\n", "This means although we set up everything needed to perform beamforming, computation is postponed until the results are actually needed.\n", "\n", "This will happen if we ask for the result. In this example we are interested in the sum for of all FFT frequency lines in the 3rd octave band 8000 Hz. This means we need the maps for all these frequencies and then add them together to synthetically \"mimic\" the result of a third octave filter for that band. The result is given as mean square sound pressure contribution at the center location of the microphone array. In Acoustics, we are usually like to have the results in the form of sound pressure levels (SPL). Acoular has a helper function `L_p` to compute the levels from the mean square." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 12, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "[('three_sources_cache.h5', 2)]\n" ] } ], "source": [ "pm = bb.synthetic( 8000, 3 )\n", "Lm = acoular.L_p( pm )" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "The map is now stored in the array variable pm and the array Lm holds the soundpressure levels computed from this." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 13, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "(41, 41)\n", "[[-350. -350. -350. ... -350.\n", " -350. -350. ]\n", " [-350. -350. 61.5185086 ... -350.\n", " -350. -350. ]\n", " [ 66.4266366 65.93676977 68.3501483 ... -350.\n", " -350. -350. ]\n", " ...\n", " [-350. -350. -350. ... -350.\n", " -350. -350. ]\n", " [-350. 54.71250037 46.46415942 ... 48.39371023\n", " 58.52533737 -350. ]\n", " [ 58.13562703 62.27400964 61.09820493 ... -350.\n", " 61.88124663 61.96166613]]\n" ] } ], "source": [ "print(Lm.shape)\n", "print(Lm)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "The map has the same dimensions (41 x 41) as the grid. Any zero result in the map will be clipped to -350 dB level instead of -infinity.\n", "\n", "Now lets plot the map as a color-coded image with 15 dB dynamic range between both ends of the color scale." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 14, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "application/javascript": "/* Put everything inside the global mpl namespace */\n/* global mpl */\nwindow.mpl = {};\n\nmpl.get_websocket_type = function () {\n if (typeof WebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n return WebSocket;\n } else if (typeof MozWebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n return MozWebSocket;\n } else {\n alert(\n 'Your browser does not have WebSocket support. ' +\n 'Please try Chrome, Safari or Firefox ≥ 6. ' +\n 'Firefox 4 and 5 are also supported but you ' +\n 'have to enable WebSockets in about:config.'\n );\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure = function (figure_id, websocket, ondownload, parent_element) {\n this.id = figure_id;\n\n this.ws = websocket;\n\n this.supports_binary = this.ws.binaryType !== undefined;\n\n if (!this.supports_binary) {\n var warnings = document.getElementById('mpl-warnings');\n if (warnings) {\n warnings.style.display = 'block';\n warnings.textContent =\n 'This browser does not support binary websocket messages. ' +\n 'Performance may be slow.';\n }\n }\n\n this.imageObj = new Image();\n\n this.context = undefined;\n this.message = undefined;\n this.canvas = undefined;\n this.rubberband_canvas = undefined;\n this.rubberband_context = undefined;\n this.format_dropdown = undefined;\n\n this.image_mode = 'full';\n\n this.root = document.createElement('div');\n this.root.setAttribute('style', 'display: inline-block');\n this._root_extra_style(this.root);\n\n parent_element.appendChild(this.root);\n\n this._init_header(this);\n this._init_canvas(this);\n this._init_toolbar(this);\n\n var fig = this;\n\n this.waiting = false;\n\n this.ws.onopen = function () {\n fig.send_message('supports_binary', { value: fig.supports_binary });\n fig.send_message('send_image_mode', {});\n if (mpl.ratio !== 1) {\n fig.send_message('set_dpi_ratio', { dpi_ratio: mpl.ratio });\n }\n fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n };\n\n this.imageObj.onload = function () {\n if (fig.image_mode === 'full') {\n // Full images could contain transparency (where diff images\n // almost always do), so we need to clear the canvas so that\n // there is no ghosting.\n fig.context.clearRect(0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n }\n fig.context.drawImage(fig.imageObj, 0, 0);\n };\n\n this.imageObj.onunload = function () {\n fig.ws.close();\n };\n\n this.ws.onmessage = this._make_on_message_function(this);\n\n this.ondownload = ondownload;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_header = function () {\n var titlebar = document.createElement('div');\n titlebar.classList =\n 'ui-dialog-titlebar ui-widget-header ui-corner-all ui-helper-clearfix';\n var titletext = document.createElement('div');\n titletext.classList = 'ui-dialog-title';\n titletext.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'width: 100%; text-align: center; padding: 3px;'\n );\n titlebar.appendChild(titletext);\n this.root.appendChild(titlebar);\n this.header = titletext;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (_canvas_div) {};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (_canvas_div) {};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_canvas = function () {\n var fig = this;\n\n var canvas_div = (this.canvas_div = document.createElement('div'));\n canvas_div.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'border: 1px solid #ddd;' +\n 'box-sizing: content-box;' +\n 'clear: both;' +\n 'min-height: 1px;' +\n 'min-width: 1px;' +\n 'outline: 0;' +\n 'overflow: hidden;' +\n 'position: relative;' +\n 'resize: both;'\n );\n\n function on_keyboard_event_closure(name) {\n return function (event) {\n return fig.key_event(event, name);\n };\n }\n\n canvas_div.addEventListener(\n 'keydown',\n on_keyboard_event_closure('key_press')\n );\n canvas_div.addEventListener(\n 'keyup',\n on_keyboard_event_closure('key_release')\n );\n\n this._canvas_extra_style(canvas_div);\n this.root.appendChild(canvas_div);\n\n var canvas = (this.canvas = document.createElement('canvas'));\n canvas.classList.add('mpl-canvas');\n canvas.setAttribute('style', 'box-sizing: content-box;');\n\n this.context = canvas.getContext('2d');\n\n var backingStore =\n this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.webkitBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.mozBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.msBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.oBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n 1;\n\n mpl.ratio = (window.devicePixelRatio || 1) / backingStore;\n\n var rubberband_canvas = (this.rubberband_canvas = document.createElement(\n 'canvas'\n ));\n rubberband_canvas.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'box-sizing: content-box; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 1;'\n );\n\n var resizeObserver = new ResizeObserver(function (entries) {\n var nentries = entries.length;\n for (var i = 0; i < nentries; i++) {\n var entry = entries[i];\n var width, height;\n if (entry.contentBoxSize) {\n if (entry.contentBoxSize instanceof Array) {\n // Chrome 84 implements new version of spec.\n width = entry.contentBoxSize[0].inlineSize;\n height = entry.contentBoxSize[0].blockSize;\n } else {\n // Firefox implements old version of spec.\n width = entry.contentBoxSize.inlineSize;\n height = entry.contentBoxSize.blockSize;\n }\n } else {\n // Chrome <84 implements even older version of spec.\n width = entry.contentRect.width;\n height = entry.contentRect.height;\n }\n\n // Keep the size of the canvas and rubber band canvas in sync with\n // the canvas container.\n if (entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize) {\n // Chrome 84 implements new version of spec.\n canvas.setAttribute(\n 'width',\n entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize[0].inlineSize\n );\n canvas.setAttribute(\n 'height',\n entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize[0].blockSize\n );\n } else {\n canvas.setAttribute('width', width * mpl.ratio);\n canvas.setAttribute('height', height * mpl.ratio);\n }\n canvas.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'width: ' + width + 'px; height: ' + height + 'px;'\n );\n\n rubberband_canvas.setAttribute('width', width);\n rubberband_canvas.setAttribute('height', height);\n\n // And update the size in Python. We ignore the initial 0/0 size\n // that occurs as the element is placed into the DOM, which should\n // otherwise not happen due to the minimum size styling.\n if (width != 0 && height != 0) {\n fig.request_resize(width, height);\n }\n }\n });\n resizeObserver.observe(canvas_div);\n\n function on_mouse_event_closure(name) {\n return function (event) {\n return fig.mouse_event(event, name);\n };\n }\n\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mousedown',\n on_mouse_event_closure('button_press')\n );\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mouseup',\n on_mouse_event_closure('button_release')\n );\n // Throttle sequential mouse events to 1 every 20ms.\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mousemove',\n on_mouse_event_closure('motion_notify')\n );\n\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mouseenter',\n on_mouse_event_closure('figure_enter')\n );\n rubberband_canvas.addEventListener(\n 'mouseleave',\n on_mouse_event_closure('figure_leave')\n );\n\n canvas_div.addEventListener('wheel', function (event) {\n if (event.deltaY < 0) {\n event.step = 1;\n } else {\n event.step = -1;\n }\n on_mouse_event_closure('scroll')(event);\n });\n\n canvas_div.appendChild(canvas);\n canvas_div.appendChild(rubberband_canvas);\n\n this.rubberband_context = rubberband_canvas.getContext('2d');\n this.rubberband_context.strokeStyle = '#000000';\n\n this._resize_canvas = function (width, height, forward) {\n if (forward) {\n canvas_div.style.width = width + 'px';\n canvas_div.style.height = height + 'px';\n }\n };\n\n // Disable right mouse context menu.\n this.rubberband_canvas.addEventListener('contextmenu', function (_e) {\n event.preventDefault();\n return false;\n });\n\n function set_focus() {\n canvas.focus();\n canvas_div.focus();\n }\n\n window.setTimeout(set_focus, 100);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n var fig = this;\n\n var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n toolbar.classList = 'mpl-toolbar';\n this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n\n function on_click_closure(name) {\n return function (_event) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n };\n }\n\n function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n return function (event) {\n if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n }\n };\n }\n\n fig.buttons = {};\n var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n\n if (!name) {\n /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n continue;\n }\n\n var button = (fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button'));\n button.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n button.setAttribute('role', 'button');\n button.setAttribute('aria-disabled', 'false');\n button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n\n var icon_img = document.createElement('img');\n icon_img.src = '_images/' + image + '.png';\n icon_img.srcset = '_images/' + image + '_large.png 2x';\n icon_img.alt = tooltip;\n button.appendChild(icon_img);\n\n buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n }\n\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n\n var fmt_picker = document.createElement('select');\n fmt_picker.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n toolbar.appendChild(fmt_picker);\n this.format_dropdown = fmt_picker;\n\n for (var ind in mpl.extensions) {\n var fmt = mpl.extensions[ind];\n var option = document.createElement('option');\n option.selected = fmt === mpl.default_extension;\n option.innerHTML = fmt;\n fmt_picker.appendChild(option);\n }\n\n var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message';\n toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n this.message = status_bar;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.request_resize = function (x_pixels, y_pixels) {\n // Request matplotlib to resize the figure. Matplotlib will then trigger a resize in the client,\n // which will in turn request a refresh of the image.\n this.send_message('resize', { width: x_pixels, height: y_pixels });\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.send_message = function (type, properties) {\n properties['type'] = type;\n properties['figure_id'] = this.id;\n this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(properties));\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.send_draw_message = function () {\n if (!this.waiting) {\n this.waiting = true;\n this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({ type: 'draw', figure_id: this.id }));\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n var format_dropdown = fig.format_dropdown;\n var format = format_dropdown.options[format_dropdown.selectedIndex].value;\n fig.ondownload(fig, format);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_resize = function (fig, msg) {\n var size = msg['size'];\n if (size[0] !== fig.canvas.width || size[1] !== fig.canvas.height) {\n fig._resize_canvas(size[0], size[1], msg['forward']);\n fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_rubberband = function (fig, msg) {\n var x0 = msg['x0'] / mpl.ratio;\n var y0 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y0']) / mpl.ratio;\n var x1 = msg['x1'] / mpl.ratio;\n var y1 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y1']) / mpl.ratio;\n x0 = Math.floor(x0) + 0.5;\n y0 = Math.floor(y0) + 0.5;\n x1 = Math.floor(x1) + 0.5;\n y1 = Math.floor(y1) + 0.5;\n var min_x = Math.min(x0, x1);\n var min_y = Math.min(y0, y1);\n var width = Math.abs(x1 - x0);\n var height = Math.abs(y1 - y0);\n\n fig.rubberband_context.clearRect(\n 0,\n 0,\n fig.canvas.width / mpl.ratio,\n fig.canvas.height / mpl.ratio\n );\n\n fig.rubberband_context.strokeRect(min_x, min_y, width, height);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_figure_label = function (fig, msg) {\n // Updates the figure title.\n fig.header.textContent = msg['label'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_cursor = function (fig, msg) {\n var cursor = msg['cursor'];\n switch (cursor) {\n case 0:\n cursor = 'pointer';\n break;\n case 1:\n cursor = 'default';\n break;\n case 2:\n cursor = 'crosshair';\n break;\n case 3:\n cursor = 'move';\n break;\n }\n fig.rubberband_canvas.style.cursor = cursor;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_message = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.message.textContent = msg['message'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_draw = function (fig, _msg) {\n // Request the server to send over a new figure.\n fig.send_draw_message();\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_image_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.image_mode = msg['mode'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_history_buttons = function (fig, msg) {\n for (var key in msg) {\n if (!(key in fig.buttons)) {\n continue;\n }\n fig.buttons[key].disabled = !msg[key];\n fig.buttons[key].setAttribute('aria-disabled', !msg[key]);\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_navigate_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n if (msg['mode'] === 'PAN') {\n fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.add('active');\n fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n } else if (msg['mode'] === 'ZOOM') {\n fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.add('active');\n } else {\n fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n // Called whenever the canvas gets updated.\n this.send_message('ack', {});\n};\n\n// A function to construct a web socket function for onmessage handling.\n// Called in the figure constructor.\nmpl.figure.prototype._make_on_message_function = function (fig) {\n return function socket_on_message(evt) {\n if (evt.data instanceof Blob) {\n /* FIXME: We get \"Resource interpreted as Image but\n * transferred with MIME type text/plain:\" errors on\n * Chrome. But how to set the MIME type? It doesn't seem\n * to be part of the websocket stream */\n evt.data.type = 'image/png';\n\n /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n fig.imageObj.src\n );\n }\n\n fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n evt.data\n );\n fig.updated_canvas_event();\n fig.waiting = false;\n return;\n } else if (\n typeof evt.data === 'string' &&\n evt.data.slice(0, 21) === 'data:image/png;base64'\n ) {\n fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n fig.updated_canvas_event();\n fig.waiting = false;\n return;\n }\n\n var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n var msg_type = msg['type'];\n\n // Call the \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n try {\n var callback = fig['handle_' + msg_type];\n } catch (e) {\n console.log(\n \"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \",\n msg\n );\n return;\n }\n\n if (callback) {\n try {\n // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n callback(fig, msg);\n } catch (e) {\n console.log(\n \"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\",\n e,\n e.stack,\n msg\n );\n }\n }\n };\n};\n\n// from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1114465/getting-mouse-location-in-canvas\nmpl.findpos = function (e) {\n //this section is from http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_properties.html\n var targ;\n if (!e) {\n e = window.event;\n }\n if (e.target) {\n targ = e.target;\n } else if (e.srcElement) {\n targ = e.srcElement;\n }\n if (targ.nodeType === 3) {\n // defeat Safari bug\n targ = targ.parentNode;\n }\n\n // pageX,Y are the mouse positions relative to the document\n var boundingRect = targ.getBoundingClientRect();\n var x = e.pageX - (boundingRect.left + document.body.scrollLeft);\n var y = e.pageY - (boundingRect.top + document.body.scrollTop);\n\n return { x: x, y: y };\n};\n\n/*\n * return a copy of an object with only non-object keys\n * we need this to avoid circular references\n * http://stackoverflow.com/a/24161582/3208463\n */\nfunction simpleKeys(original) {\n return Object.keys(original).reduce(function (obj, key) {\n if (typeof original[key] !== 'object') {\n obj[key] = original[key];\n }\n return obj;\n }, {});\n}\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function (event, name) {\n var canvas_pos = mpl.findpos(event);\n\n if (name === 'button_press') {\n this.canvas.focus();\n this.canvas_div.focus();\n }\n\n var x = canvas_pos.x * mpl.ratio;\n var y = canvas_pos.y * mpl.ratio;\n\n this.send_message(name, {\n x: x,\n y: y,\n button: event.button,\n step: event.step,\n guiEvent: simpleKeys(event),\n });\n\n /* This prevents the web browser from automatically changing to\n * the text insertion cursor when the button is pressed. We want\n * to control all of the cursor setting manually through the\n * 'cursor' event from matplotlib */\n event.preventDefault();\n return false;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (_event, _name) {\n // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function (event, name) {\n // Prevent repeat events\n if (name === 'key_press') {\n if (event.which === this._key) {\n return;\n } else {\n this._key = event.which;\n }\n }\n if (name === 'key_release') {\n this._key = null;\n }\n\n var value = '';\n if (event.ctrlKey && event.which !== 17) {\n value += 'ctrl+';\n }\n if (event.altKey && event.which !== 18) {\n value += 'alt+';\n }\n if (event.shiftKey && event.which !== 16) {\n value += 'shift+';\n }\n\n value += 'k';\n value += event.which.toString();\n\n this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n\n this.send_message(name, { key: value, guiEvent: simpleKeys(event) });\n return false;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function (name) {\n if (name === 'download') {\n this.handle_save(this, null);\n } else {\n this.send_message('toolbar_button', { name: name });\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function (tooltip) {\n this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n};\nmpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home icon-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left icon-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right icon-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Left button pans, Right button zooms\\nx/y fixes axis, CTRL fixes aspect\", \"fa fa-arrows icon-move\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\\nx/y fixes axis, CTRL fixes aspect\", \"fa fa-square-o icon-check-empty\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o icon-save\", \"download\"]];\n\nmpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\"];\n\nmpl.default_extension = \"png\";/* global mpl */\n\nvar comm_websocket_adapter = function (comm) {\n // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n var ws = {};\n\n ws.close = function () {\n comm.close();\n };\n ws.send = function (m) {\n //console.log('sending', m);\n comm.send(m);\n };\n // Register the callback with on_msg.\n comm.on_msg(function (msg) {\n //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n // Pass the mpl event to the overridden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n ws.onmessage(msg['content']['data']);\n });\n return ws;\n};\n\nmpl.mpl_figure_comm = function (comm, msg) {\n // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n\n var id = msg.content.data.id;\n // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n // socket was opened in Python.\n var element = document.getElementById(id);\n var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm);\n\n function ondownload(figure, _format) {\n window.open(figure.canvas.toDataURL());\n }\n\n var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy, ondownload, element);\n\n // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n ws_proxy.onopen();\n\n fig.parent_element = element;\n fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"
\");\n if (!fig.cell_info) {\n console.error('Failed to find cell for figure', id, fig);\n return;\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function (fig, msg) {\n var width = fig.canvas.width / mpl.ratio;\n fig.root.removeEventListener('remove', this._remove_fig_handler);\n\n // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n fig.push_to_output();\n var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n IPython.keyboard_manager.enable();\n fig.parent_element.innerHTML =\n '';\n fig.close_ws(fig, msg);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.close_ws = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.send_message('closing', msg);\n // fig.ws.close()\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.push_to_output = function (_remove_interactive) {\n // Turn the data on the canvas into data in the output cell.\n var width = this.canvas.width / mpl.ratio;\n var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL();\n this.cell_info[1]['text/html'] =\n '';\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n // Tell IPython that the notebook contents must change.\n IPython.notebook.set_dirty(true);\n this.send_message('ack', {});\n var fig = this;\n // Wait a second, then push the new image to the DOM so\n // that it is saved nicely (might be nice to debounce this).\n setTimeout(function () {\n fig.push_to_output();\n }, 1000);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n var fig = this;\n\n var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n toolbar.classList = 'btn-toolbar';\n this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n\n function on_click_closure(name) {\n return function (_event) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n };\n }\n\n function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n return function (event) {\n if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n }\n };\n }\n\n fig.buttons = {};\n var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n var button;\n for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n\n if (!name) {\n /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n continue;\n }\n\n button = fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button');\n button.classList = 'btn btn-default';\n button.href = '#';\n button.title = name;\n button.innerHTML = '';\n button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n }\n\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n\n // Add the status bar.\n var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message pull-right';\n toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n this.message = status_bar;\n\n // Add the close button to the window.\n var buttongrp = document.createElement('div');\n buttongrp.classList = 'btn-group inline pull-right';\n button = document.createElement('button');\n button.classList = 'btn btn-mini btn-primary';\n button.href = '#';\n button.title = 'Stop Interaction';\n button.innerHTML = '';\n button.addEventListener('click', function (_evt) {\n fig.handle_close(fig, {});\n });\n button.addEventListener(\n 'mouseover',\n on_mouseover_closure('Stop Interaction')\n );\n buttongrp.appendChild(button);\n var titlebar = this.root.querySelector('.ui-dialog-titlebar');\n titlebar.insertBefore(buttongrp, titlebar.firstChild);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._remove_fig_handler = function () {\n this.close_ws(this, {});\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (el) {\n el.style.boxSizing = 'content-box'; // override notebook setting of border-box.\n el.addEventListener('remove', this._remove_fig_handler);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (el) {\n // this is important to make the div 'focusable\n el.setAttribute('tabindex', 0);\n // reach out to IPython and tell the keyboard manager to turn it's self\n // off when our div gets focus\n\n // location in version 3\n if (IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager) {\n IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n } else {\n // location in version 2\n IPython.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (event, _name) {\n var manager = IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager;\n if (!manager) {\n manager = IPython.keyboard_manager;\n }\n\n // Check for shift+enter\n if (event.shiftKey && event.which === 13) {\n this.canvas_div.blur();\n // select the cell after this one\n var index = IPython.notebook.find_cell_index(this.cell_info[0]);\n IPython.notebook.select(index + 1);\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n fig.ondownload(fig, null);\n};\n\nmpl.find_output_cell = function (html_output) {\n // Return the cell and output element which can be found *uniquely* in the notebook.\n // Note - this is a bit hacky, but it is done because the \"notebook_saving.Notebook\"\n // IPython event is triggered only after the cells have been serialised, which for\n // our purposes (turning an active figure into a static one), is too late.\n var cells = IPython.notebook.get_cells();\n var ncells = cells.length;\n for (var i = 0; i < ncells; i++) {\n var cell = cells[i];\n if (cell.cell_type === 'code') {\n for (var j = 0; j < cell.output_area.outputs.length; j++) {\n var data = cell.output_area.outputs[j];\n if (data.data) {\n // IPython >= 3 moved mimebundle to data attribute of output\n data = data.data;\n }\n if (data['text/html'] === html_output) {\n return [cell, data, j];\n }\n }\n }\n }\n};\n\n// Register the function which deals with the matplotlib target/channel.\n// The kernel may be null if the page has been refreshed.\nif (IPython.notebook.kernel !== null) {\n IPython.notebook.kernel.comm_manager.register_target(\n 'matplotlib',\n mpl.mpl_figure_comm\n );\n}\n", "text/plain": [ "" ] }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" }, { "data": { "text/html": [ "" ], "text/plain": [ "" ] }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" } ], "source": [ "plt.figure()\n", "plt.imshow( Lm.T, origin=\"lower\", vmin=Lm.max()-15, extent=rg.extent )\n", "plt.colorbar();" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Now we enjoy the acoustic photograph of the three sources. Although it looks a bit blurry, we can guess the location of the sources and see as well that the sources have different strength.\n", "\n", "This post has demonstrated how to use Acoular to produce a sound map or acoustic photograph with beamforming. [Here](getstart2.ipynb) you can see how to change some parameters and [here](getstart3.ipynb) you can learn about Acoular and time domain processing." ] } ], "metadata": { "kernelspec": { "display_name": "Python 3", "language": "python", "name": "python3" }, "language_info": { "codemirror_mode": { "name": "ipython", "version": 3 }, "file_extension": ".py", "mimetype": "text/x-python", "name": "python", "nbconvert_exporter": "python", "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", "version": "3.13.5" } }, "nbformat": 4, "nbformat_minor": 4 }